為什麼螢光二抗的選擇很重要?
在免疫螢光(Immunofluorescence, IF)、共軛焦顯微鏡、流式細胞分析與螢光 Western Blot 中,二級抗體會直接影響訊號強度、背景值、多重染色能力與影像穩定性。
Biotium 的螢光二抗以自有的 CF® Dye 為核心,產品線涵蓋一般型、Highly Cross-Adsorbed、F(ab’)₂ fragment、Mouse isotype-specific 以及 STORM 專用 single-label 二抗,並提供從 UV、可見光、far-red 到 near-infrared 的多波段選擇。
Biotium CF® Dye 二抗的主要特色
高亮度與光穩定性
CF® Dye 系列設計重點包含高螢光亮度、良好 photostability、水溶性與抗體 conjugation 相容性,適合 microscopy 與多色螢光分析。
涵蓋完整光譜
從 405 nm、488 nm、532/561 nm、633/640 nm 到 near-IR 波段均有對應染料,可搭配常見顯微鏡與流式平台。
多樣化二抗格式
除了常規 IgG 二抗,也包含 Highly Cross-Adsorbed、F(ab’)₂、isotype-specific 與 STORM single-label,方便針對不同實驗需求選擇。
CF® Dye 常見螢光波段對照
| Biotium CF® Dye | Ex/Em 約值 | 常見通道/用途 |
|---|---|---|
| CF®350 | 347 / 448 nm | UV / DAPI-like channel |
| CF®405S | 404 / 431 nm | 405 nm laser |
| CF®405M | 408 / 452 nm | 405 nm laser |
| CF®430 | 426 / 498 nm | Blue-green |
| CF®488A | 490 / 515 nm | 488 nm / FITC / Alexa Fluor 488 類通道 |
| CF®514 | 516 / 548 nm | Green-yellow |
| CF®532 | 527 / 558 nm | 532 nm |
| CF®543 | 541 / 560 nm | 532/543 nm |
| CF®555 | 555 / 565 nm | 561 nm / Alexa Fluor 555 類通道 |
| CF®568 | 562 / 583 nm | 561 nm / Alexa Fluor 568 類通道 |
| CF®583R | 585 / 609 nm | Orange-red |
| CF®594 | 593 / 614 nm | Alexa Fluor 594 / Texas Red 類通道 |
| CF®633 | 630 / 650 nm | 633 nm |
| CF®640R | 642 / 662 nm | 640 nm |
| CF®647 | 650 / 665 nm | 640 nm / Alexa Fluor 647 / Cy5 類通道 |
| CF®660C / CF®660R | 約 663–667 / 682–685 nm | Far-red |
| CF®680 / CF®680R | 約 680 / 698–701 nm | Far-red / NIR |
| CF®740 | 742 / 767 nm | Near-IR |
| CF®750 | 755 / 777 nm | Near-IR |
| CF®770 | 770 / 797 nm | Near-IR |
| CF®790 | 784 / 806 nm | Near-IR |
| CF®800 | 797 / 816 nm | Near-IR |
實際可購買染料種類會依二抗宿主與 target species 而不同,選型時仍應以原廠當前產品頁為準。
Highly Cross-Adsorbed:多色 IF 的重點系列
Highly Cross-Adsorbed 二抗會針對其他物種免疫球蛋白進一步吸附,以降低非目標 IgG 的交叉反應,特別適合 multiplex immunofluorescence、同一組織使用多種 species primary antibody、共軛焦顯微鏡及高背景樣品。
| Secondary antibody | Primary antibody 來源 | 適合情境 |
|---|---|---|
| Donkey Anti-Mouse | Mouse | Multiplex IF、Mouse + Rabbit 組合 |
| Donkey Anti-Rabbit | Rabbit | Multiplex IF、共軛焦顯微鏡 |
| Donkey Anti-Goat | Goat | 多物種 panel |
| Donkey Anti-Rat | Rat | Mouse/Rat panel |
| Donkey Anti-Guinea Pig | Guinea Pig | 神經科學與組織染色 |
| Donkey Anti-Chicken | Chicken | 多重染色 |
| Donkey Anti-Sheep | Sheep | 多物種 panel |
| Goat Anti-Mouse | Mouse | 一般 IF / Multiplex |
| Goat Anti-Rabbit | Rabbit | 一般 IF / Multiplex |
| Goat Anti-Rat | Rat | 免疫與組織研究 |
| Goat Anti-Chicken | Chicken | 多重染色 |
| Goat Anti-Guinea Pig | Guinea Pig | 神經科學等應用 |
| Goat Anti-Alpaca VHH | Alpaca VHH / Nanobody | Nanobody-based assay |
| Rabbit Anti-Mouse | Mouse | 特定 host 組合需求 |
| Rabbit Anti-Rat | Rat | 特定 host 組合需求 |
| Rabbit Anti-Sheep | Sheep | 特定 host 組合需求 |
| Bovine Anti-Goat | Goat | 特殊多物種組合 |
灃德版|Biotium Highly Cross-Adsorbed 螢光二抗矩陣
以下將 Biotium 原廠的 Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibodies 重新整理成客戶選型矩陣。✓ 代表原廠產品列表目前有該二抗 × CF® Dye 組合;— 代表官方矩陣目前未列出。
| Secondary antibody | CF®350347/448 | CF®405S404/431 | CF®405M408/452 | CF®430426/498 | CF®488A490/515 | CF®514516/548 | CF®532527/558 | CF®543541/560 | CF®555555/565 | CF®568562/583 | CF®583R585/609 | CF®594593/614 | CF®633630/650 | CF®640R642/662 | CF®647650/665 | CF®660C667/685 | CF®660R663/682 | CF®680681/698 | CF®680R680/701 | CF®740742/767 | CF®750755/777 | CF®770770/797 | CF®790784/806 | CF®800797/816 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bovine Anti-Goat | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Donkey Anti-Chicken | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Donkey Anti-Goat | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| Donkey Anti-Guinea Pig | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — |
| Donkey Anti-Mouse (Min X Rat) | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ |
| Donkey Anti-Rabbit | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Donkey Anti-Rat | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — |
| Donkey Anti-Sheep | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Goat Anti-Alpaca VHH | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Goat Anti-Chicken | — | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Goat Anti-Guinea Pig | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — |
| Goat Anti-Mouse | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — |
| Goat Anti-Mouse (Min X Rat) | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Goat Anti-Rabbit | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Goat Anti-Rat | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — |
| Rabbit Anti-Mouse | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rabbit Anti-Rat | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rabbit Anti-Sheep | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
資料整理日期:2026-09-07。依 Biotium 官方 Secondary Antibody Product Listings 整理;產品組合可能隨原廠新增或停產而變動,正式報價/訂購前建議再確認最新 Cat. No.。 查看 Biotium 官方完整列表
客戶快速判讀:常用二抗有哪些 CF® Dye?
| 常用 Highly Cross-Adsorbed 二抗 | 目前官方列出的 CF® Dye |
|---|---|
| Donkey Anti-Mouse (Min X Rat) | CF®350, CF®430, CF®488A, CF®514, CF®543, CF®555, CF®568, CF®583R, CF®594, CF®633, CF®640R, CF®647, CF®660R, CF®680R, CF®740, CF®790, CF®800 |
| Donkey Anti-Rabbit | CF®350, CF®405S, CF®430, CF®488A, CF®543, CF®555, CF®568, CF®583R, CF®594, CF®633, CF®640R, CF®647, CF®660R, CF®680, CF®680R, CF®740, CF®750, CF®770, CF®790, CF®800 |
| Goat Anti-Mouse | CF®350, CF®405M, CF®430, CF®488A, CF®532, CF®543, CF®555, CF®568, CF®583R, CF®594, CF®633, CF®640R, CF®647, CF®660C, CF®680, CF®680R, CF®740, CF®750, CF®770, CF®790 |
| Goat Anti-Rabbit | CF®350, CF®405M, CF®430, CF®488A, CF®532, CF®543, CF®555, CF®568, CF®583R, CF®594, CF®633, CF®640R, CF®647, CF®660C, CF®680, CF®680R, CF®740, CF®770, CF®790, CF®800 |
最常用二抗與可選 CF® Dye
Goat Anti-Mouse IgG
適合 Mouse primary antibody。Highly Cross-Adsorbed Goat Anti-Mouse 常見 CF® Dye 包括:
CF®350CF®405MCF®488A CF®543CF®555CF®568 CF®583RCF®594CF®633 CF®640RCF®647CF®660C CF®660RCF®680CF®680R CF®740CF®750CF®770
Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG
適合 Rabbit primary antibody,主要選項涵蓋 CF®350、CF®405S、CF®405M、CF®430、CF®488A、CF®532、CF®543、CF®555、CF®568、CF®583R、CF®594、CF®633、CF®640R、CF®647、CF®660C、CF®680、CF®680R、CF®740、CF®770、CF®790。
Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG
適合多重染色。常見 Highly Cross-Adsorbed 配置包含 CF®350、CF®430、CF®488A、CF®543、CF®555、CF®568、CF®583R、CF®594、CF®633、CF®640R、CF®647、CF®660R、CF®680R、CF®740、CF®770、CF®790、CF®800。
Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG
可選染料非常完整,常見包括 CF®350、CF®405S、CF®430、CF®488A、CF®514、CF®543、CF®555、CF®568、CF®583R、CF®594、CF®633、CF®640R、CF®647、CF®680、CF®680R、CF®740、CF®750、CF®770、CF®790、CF®800。
Mouse Isotype-Specific 二抗
如果同一個實驗同時使用多支 Mouse primary antibody,一般 Anti-Mouse IgG 無法區分不同 monoclonal antibody。Biotium 提供 isotype-specific 二抗,可依 Mouse IgG subtype 進一步區分。
| 二抗 | 可辨識 | 應用 |
|---|---|---|
| Goat Anti-Mouse IgG1 | Mouse IgG1 | Mouse isotype multiplex |
| Goat Anti-Mouse IgG2a | Mouse IgG2a | Mouse isotype multiplex |
| Goat Anti-Mouse IgG2b | Mouse IgG2b | Mouse isotype multiplex |
| Goat Anti-Mouse IgG3 | Mouse IgG3 | Mouse isotype multiplex |
| Goat Anti-Mouse IgM μ-chain | Mouse IgM | IgM-specific detection |
F(ab’)₂ Fragment 二抗
Biotium 亦提供部分 Goat Anti-Mouse IgG F(ab’)₂ 與 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG F(ab’)₂。F(ab’)₂ 缺少 Fc region,在具有大量 Fc receptor 的樣品中,有助於降低 Fc-mediated nonspecific binding。
- Macrophage
- Monocyte
- Dendritic cell
- Immune tissue
- Fc receptor-rich samples
常見可選染料包括 CF®488A、CF®543、CF®555、CF®568、CF®594、CF®633、CF®640R、CF®647、CF®680、CF®750 等。
STORM 超解析顯微鏡專用 Single-Label 二抗
對 STORM / super-resolution microscopy,Degree of Labeling(DOL)可能影響定位精度與定量。Biotium 另外提供平均 DOL 約為 1 的 single-label secondary antibodies。
| CF® Dye | STORM Single-Label |
|---|---|
| CF®498 | ✓ |
| CF®505 | ✓ |
| CF®535ST | ✓ |
| CF®568 | ✓ |
| CF®583R | ✓ |
| CF®597R | ✓ |
| CF®647 | ✓ |
| CF®660C | ✓ |
| CF®680 | ✓ |
| CF®750 | ✓ |
如何快速選擇 Biotium 螢光二抗?
Step 1|確認 Primary Antibody 的宿主物種
| Primary antibody | 優先搜尋二抗 |
|---|---|
| Mouse | Goat / Donkey Anti-Mouse |
| Rabbit | Goat / Donkey Anti-Rabbit |
| Rat | Goat / Donkey Anti-Rat |
| Goat | Donkey / Bovine Anti-Goat |
| Guinea Pig | Goat / Donkey Anti-Guinea Pig |
| Chicken | Goat / Donkey Anti-Chicken |
| Sheep | Donkey / Rabbit Anti-Sheep |
| Alpaca VHH / Nanobody | Goat Anti-Alpaca VHH |
Step 2|單色還是多色染色?
單色 IF 可使用一般 secondary antibody;如果是 multiplex IF,建議優先選擇 Highly Cross-Adsorbed 規格。
Step 3|依儀器 Laser / Filter 選 CF® Dye
| 儀器雷射 | 建議 CF® Dye |
|---|---|
| UV | CF®350 |
| 405 nm | CF®405S / CF®405M |
| 488 nm | CF®488A |
| 532/561 nm | CF®543 / CF®555 / CF®568 |
| 561/594 nm | CF®594 |
| 633/640 nm | CF®633 / CF®640R / CF®647 |
| Far-red | CF®660R / CF®680 |
| Near-IR | CF®740 / CF®750 / CF®770 / CF®790 / CF®800 |
常見 3–4 色 IF 配色範例
三色 IF
CF®488A — Green
CF®568 — Orange/Red
CF®647 — Far-red
DAPI — Nucleus
四色 IF
CF®405M
CF®488A
CF®568 或 CF®594
CF®647
選色原則
若 nuclei 已使用 DAPI,通常避免再將 405 nm 通道配置給主要 marker,並優先利用 green、orange/red 與 far-red 分離訊號。
Biotium 二抗的選型優勢
Biotium 的價值不只是 CF® Dye,而是可用以下邏輯進行組合:
因此同一個 Rabbit primary antibody,可以選擇 Goat Anti-Rabbit、Donkey Anti-Rabbit 或 F(ab’)₂ Anti-Rabbit,再搭配 CF®488A、CF®568、CF®594、CF®640R、CF®647 到 near-IR 等不同波段,能靈活應用於:
- Immunofluorescence microscopy
- Confocal microscopy
- Multiplex IF
- Flow cytometry
- Fluorescent Western blot
- STORM / Super-resolution microscopy
需要協助選擇 Biotium 螢光二抗?
提供 Primary Antibody 物種、需要的螢光顏色、目前使用的 Alexa Fluor® / FITC / Cy® Dye,或顯微鏡雷射波長與 filter 設定,即可進一步協助篩選適合的 Biotium CF® Dye 二抗。